The pipe tomahawk (or “smoak tomahawk”, as it was called by the English colonials) was recorded as early as 1700. It was a major commodity used in the fur trade.

Knives and daggers were necessary for hunting, cutting meat, processing animal hides, cleaning fish, mending shoes, woodworking and performing first aid.

The gunstock club or gun stock war club is an indigenous weapon used by Native Americans, named for its similar appearance to the wooden stocks of muskets and rifles of the time.

As the name suggests, Native American war clubs were developed for use in battles. Native Americans would use hardwood to carve war clubs for the purpose of knocking off the enemy’s head.

Masks were worn or used in smaller sizes by members of secret societies who danced on ceremonial occasions. The dancers were believed to be possessed by various spirits such as the Wolf, Grizzly Bear, Fire-throwing spirit, Gambling spirit, and others.

Drawings made by native peoples of the 19th century are often identified with the English name “ledger drawings”. They were pictographs made with colored pencils, inks of various kinds, on sheets of the time that the white man gave them.

A quirt, or short riding whip, was used to urge a horse to greater speed. But Native warriors also used them to “count coup.”

Mirrors had and have today a spiritual significance, present in many regalia and spiritual items as well.